Components Of Hse Management
Health, security and Environmental administration should be part of the engineering profession in a country for the purpose of
o duty of care
o economic reasons and
o legal reasons.
Hse administration should therefore think five broad phases:
* Specifications
* Design and implementation
* Installation and commissioning
* Operation and maintenance
* Changes after commissioning.
* Compliance with the standards requires four critical elements:
* Identification of security functions required for the safe shutdown
* Assignment of a security integrity level (Sil) for each security function
* Use of the security lifecycle for the engineering found and
* Verification of the Sil achieved for each security function.
Health
3.0 Engineering Code Of Practice
The engineering code of custom takes into notice the following:
* Public safety: Giving priority to the security and well-being of the community and having regard to this principle in assessing obligations to the clients, employers and colleagues.
* Risk Management: Taking reasonable steps to minimize the risk of loss of lives, injuries or suffering.
* Workplace and construction site: Minimizing inherent dangers complex in the construction and found of engineering products and processes.
* Public/Community well-being
* Communication
* Conflicts of interest
* Confidentiality
The privilege of practicing engineering is entrusted to those fine and who have the accountability for applying engineering skills, scientific knowledge and ingenuity for the advancement of human welfare and potential of life. Underlying theory of conduct of engineers contain truth, honesty and trustworthiness in their aid to the society, honourable and ethical custom showing fairness, courtesy and good faith towards clients, colleagues and others. Engineers take societal, cultural, economic, environmental and security aspects into notice and strive for the sufficient use of the world's resources to meet long term human needs.
4.0 Safe Engineering Designs
Safety is a concern in virtually all engineering found processes. Engineers should understand security in the context of engineering found and what it means to say that a found is safe against human injuries.
Current found methods prioritize economic considerations over environmental ones. In some cases, economic considerations also serve environmental goals. For instance, the minimization of materials used in a structure means resources are saved. If they are saved at the expense of the distance of the operating life of a product, then, economic considerations disagreement with environmental interests which question that products be made as durable as inherent because of the need to minimize reserved supply usage and waste generation in the long term.
Safety is the antonym of risk. So, a found is safe to the extent that it reduces risk. Safe found aims at minimizing risk in the thorough sense of this term.
A safe found is the mixture of all those procedures and theory that are used by engineers to make designed objects safe against accidents leading to human death or injuries, long term condition effects, damage to the environment or malfunctioning in general.
Several found strategies used to perform security in operations of potentially perilous technology are:
* inherently safe design
* safety factors
* negative feedback (self-shutdown) and
* multiple independent security barriers.
Probabilistic Risk evaluation (Pra) is the most common recipe of assessing security but safe designs are used to sell out risks in the thorough (probabilistic) sense but is inadequate. Safe found strategies are used to sell out estimated probabilities of injuries or reducing uncertainties not only risks. They are used to cope with hazards and eventualities that cannot be assigned meaningful probabilities.
5.0 Design theory In Engineering
There are four (4) main found theory in Engineering practice.
(a) Inherently safe design:
This minimizes the inherent dangers in the process as far as possible. inherent hazards are excluded rather than enclosed or coped with. For instance, perilous substances are substituted by less perilous ones and fire proof materials are used rather than inflammable ones.
(b) Safety Factors
Construction should be strong adequate to resist load and disturbances exceeding those that are intended. A common way to regain such security reserves is to hire explicitly chosen numerical security factors are employed. If a security factor of two (2) is employed when construction a bridge, then the bridge is calculated to resist twice the maximal load to which it will be exposed to in practice.
(c) Negative feedback mechanisms
This is introduced to perform a self-shutdown in case of gismo failure or when the operator looses control. Examples are security valves that let out steam when the pressure is too high in a steam boiler and the dead man's hole that stops the train when the driver falls asleep. One of the most leading security measures in the nuclear commerce is to ensure that reactors close down automatically in critical situations.
(d) Multiple Independent security Barriers
Safety barriers are arranged in chains, so that each barrier is independent of its predecessors (if the first fails, the second is still intact). The first barriers preclude accidents; the second barriers limit the consequences of an emergency and salvage services as the last resort.
Safety factors and multiple security barriers deal with uncertainties as well as risks. But currently, Probabilistic Risk diagnosis (Pra) is used but does not deal with uncertainties. Probabilistic calculations can keep but will not supplant the Engineers' ethically responsible judgment (environment, condition and security culture).
Safety engineering theory also contain schooling of operators, maintenance of equipment and installations and incidence reporting are examples of security practices of general importance.
6.0 Health, security & Environmental administration In Engineering Practice
The Engineering profession is unbelievable to be the harbinger of Health, security & Environmental administration by virtue of the complexity of the yield of the profession and their impacts on the lives of the general populace. How have we carried this along in our professional practices?
Seven (7) bad engineering practices have been identified:
* Believing that if something is not specifically stated, whether "shall do" or "shall not do" in the standards, an engineer does not need to worry about it.
* Thinking that meeting the minimum requirements means the process is safe and complies with the standard.
* Ignoring the importance of good engineering practice.
* Designing systems that meet economic requirements but not security security requirements.
* Neglecting human factors (errors in calculations etc)
* Focusing on capital cost and not on lifecycle costs.
* Focusing only on the security integrity level (Sil) and not on prevention.
Safety is an critical ethical requirement in engineering practice. Strategies for safe found are used not only to sell out estimated probabilities of injuries but also to cope with hazards and eventualities that cannot be assigned meaningful probabilities. Designers have an ethical accountability to make constructions that are safe for future use. security is concerned with avoiding positive classes of events that are morally right to avoid.
In engineering design, security notice all the time includes security against unintended human death or injuries that occur as a succeed of the unintended use of the designed object for:
* Prevention of damage to the environment
* Prevention of long term condition effects
For example, if a bridge collapses, the engineers who designed it are held responsible.
Building designers and builders must obey construction security in the use of Scaffolds, tool nets, tool boxes, mechanical lifts and by hand lifts under safe procedures, use of personal protective equipments (Ppes) on sites (boots/helmets), clear passages and road-ways, construction tapes to cordon off work areas etc. Most engineers have neglected this aspect, thus, playing with the lives of the generality of the populace.
What engineers do have lasting influences on security and define our level of Environment, condition and security culture.
7.0 Ethical Obligations In Engineering Practice
Ethical obligations are critical in order for engineers to carry out their profession. Without the obligation of confidentiality, clients could not trust engineers with commercially sensitive information. Without these information, engineers could not do their jobs. The moral obligations of our profession can be understood as duties which are necessary.
There are five (5) Underlying values critical for the ethical obligations:
* Protection of lives and safeguarding of people.
* Professionalism, integrity and competence
* Commitment to community/public well-being
* Sustainable administration and care for the environment
* Sustaining engineering knowledge
8.0 Engineering custom Requirements
* Engineers shall hold paramount the Health, security and Environment/welfare of the social in the custom of their profession.
* Engineers shall custom only in their areas or field of competence, in a faithful and diligent manner and in conformance with standards, laws, codes, rules and regulations applicable to engineering practice.
* Engineers shall examine the societal and environmental impact of their actions and projects, along with the use and conservation of resources and energy in order to make informed recommendations and decisions..
* Engineers should voice their interests clearly.
* Engineers shall sign and take accountability for all engineering works which they prepared or directly supervised. Engineers may sign works prepared by others only with their consent and after adequate reveal and verification.
* Engineers shall act as faithful agents for their employers or clients and voice confidentiality, avoid conflicts of interest whenever inherent and disclose positive conflicts.
* Engineers professional concerns must be made known to the client and the consequences of engineering decisions or judgments.
* Engineers should reject any social works, engineering decisions or custom that endanger the Hse of the public.
* Engineers shall commit to life-long learning, strive to develop the body of engineering knowledge and should encourage other engineers to do likewise.
* Engineers shall promote responsibility, commitment and ethics both in the schooling and custom phases of engineering. They should enhance society's awareness of engineer's responsibilities to the social and encourage the transportation of these theory of ethical conduct among engineers.
9.0 Hse Sustainability administration
This is about the long term survival of humanity. It recognizes that decisions made today must enable both those in the present as well as population of the foreseeable future to make sufficient choices about their potential of life.
Failure to recognize risks to security and the inability to address or operate these risks can succeed in massive costs, both human and economic. The multidisciplinary nature of security engineering means that a very broad array of professionals are actively complex in emergency prevention or security engineering.
A critical fault endangers or few people. A catastrophic fault endangers, harms or kills a critical number of people. Engineer's errors or inability to join the Hse administration in his custom spells catastrophic.
10.0 The Way Forward
Everyone must develop his or her understanding of Hse awareness by manufacture security a priority. Also, cost sufficient solutions in order to gain the biggest return on venture should be developed.
Engineers take early found of a system, analyze it to find what faults can occur and then suggest security requirements in found specifications upfront and changes to existing systems to make the theory safer.
If critical security problems are discovered late in the found process, correcting them can e very expensive. This type of error has the inherent to waste large sums of money.
* At all times, take all reasonable care to ensure that your work and the consequences of your work cause no unacceptable risk to safety.
* Take all reasonable steps to make your management/client and those to whom they have a duty of care aware of the risks you identify.
* Make anything overruling or neglecting your professional advice formally aware of the succeed risks.
* It is critical for engineers to voice a deep and broad understanding of the many technical and professional custom issues that they will inevitably encounter in their role as employees of social owners. This is achieved through thorough education, training, experience, license, professional engineering custom and lasting professional development.
11.0 Conclusion
The engineering custom like the construction commerce is the agent of social and economic development, the barometer of economic activities and a very large employer of labour in Nigeria. It accounts for over 60% of the total capital investment. It is the largest employer of labour (think of all the electrical, mechanical, civil, chemical and computer jobs in industries).
Health, security and environment, which is concerned with life and property must be taken serious in this profession. security procedures are critical to preclude accidents, diseases and harmful effects on the condition of the social at large arising from the activities in the commerce on site and its environs or off site.
Good Hse administration is graphic in a country through the potential of the professional ethics of the professionals, engineers inclusive and the level of her condition values and the state of her environment, that is, her level of cleanliness (personal hygiene and social sanitation).
It can only be industrialized through personal commitment, willingness and self-sacrifice because of the long and short run benefits therein. Hse administration habit starts with security consciousness. security consciousness dwells with each and every one of us and should be taken along to our professional practices.
People should recognize that their condition and well-being are linked to the potential of their environment and should apply thoughtful theory to effort to enhance the potential of their environment.
As Engineers, we should lead others in being security aware at all times and refraining from doing anything that may succeed to accident. We should apply security measures to all our daily activities and take our security and that of others colse to us as our responsibilities especially in our practices.
Finally, as Engineers we should pursue sustainable Health, security & environmental administration and make it part and parcel of our engineering custom today for the prolonged relevance of our profession tomorrow. It is only when this is done that our professional ethics will be meaningful knowing fully well that the products of our professional practices have great impact on the lives of the entire citizens of this country.
Health, security & Environmental administration habit is therefore not only critical and but remains a vital ingredient of our professional ethics in engineering custom in Nigeria and elsewhere and this must be sustained all the time by all.
Health, protection & Environmental (Hse) management In Engineering institution
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